Among American men, prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death after lung cancer. While early detection can make a significant difference, the decision to begin screening isn’t always straightforward and should involve a conversation with your doctor.
Screening tests can help detect prostate cancer in its early stages, often before any symptoms appear. However, these tests are not designed to diagnose cancer on their own. If screening results show anything unusual, your doctor may suggest additional testing, but a biopsy remains the only way to confirm a diagnosis of prostate cancer.
When to start routine screening is a personal decision that should consider your age, overall health, family history, and individual risk factors. Experts at Karmanos Cancer Institute and McLaren Health Care recommend talking with your primary care provider to determine your best course of action.
Generally, men at average risk might consider starting screening between 45 and 50. Those at higher risk—such as African American men, men with a close relative who had prostate cancer before age 65, or individuals with certain genetic conditions—may need to start earlier, around age 40 or 45.
The two most commonly used screening methods are the PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood test and the digital rectal exam (DRE). PSA measures a protein produced by the prostate, which tends to be elevated in men with prostate cancer. The DRE allows a doctor to feel for abnormalities in the prostate. Abnormal results from either test may lead to further evaluations, such as an MRI or additional lab tests, and possibly a referral to a urologist.
It’s important to understand that many prostate cancers are slow-growing and may not require immediate treatment. In those cases, doctors may recommend active surveillance—closely monitoring the cancer over time. For men with more aggressive forms, more active treatment may be necessary.
If you have questions or are considering whether prostate cancer screening is right for you, the best first step is to talk with your doctor. For more information, visit karmanos.org/prostatefacts.
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