Treatment of Choroid Plexus Papilloma
What is choroid plexus papilloma?
Choroid plexus is a structure in the brain responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles. Choroid plexus tumors originate in the primary nervous system and typically begin in the brain or spinal cord. Known as a rare brain tumor, choroid plexus papillomas (CPP) make up only 1% of brain tumors. Most often, CPP occurs in the pediatric population within the first year of life. These types of brain tumors most often form within the ventricles.
- For adults, 70% of choroid plexus papillomas occur in the fourth ventricle.
- For children, most cases of choroid plexus papillomas occur in the lateral ventricles.
What causes choroid plexus tumors?
The cause of most choroid plexus tumors is not known; however, these tumors begin as a growth of cells in the brain. Genes can be mutated and cause an increase in growth and spread of cancer cells. Genetic changes, like the mutation of the TP53 gene, have been linked to 50% of cases of grade 3 choroid plexus carcinomas. Although rare, certain genetic changes can be passed down through families creating a higher chance of developing choroid plexus tumors.
What are the signs of choroid plexus papilloma?
Symptoms of choroid plexus tumors depend on the location of the tumor. The most common sign of choroid plexus tumors is hydrocephalus, which is an increased pressure in the skull due to the overproduction of CSF or potential blockage of its normal flow. Additional symptoms of hydrocephalus may include:
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Irritability.
- Headaches.
- Blurred or double vision.
- Sleepiness.
- Seizures.
What are treatment options for choroid plexus papilloma?
For choroid plexus tumors, the first option is surgery. The goal of surgery is to remove as much of the tissue as possible and in order to determine the type of tumor. The Neuro-Oncology Multidisciplinary Team at Karmanos Cancer Institute designs individualized treatment plans based on the patient’s age, remaining tumor after surgery, tumor type, and tumor location.
Additional treatment for choroid plexus papilloma after surgery can include radiation, chemotherapy or clinical trials. New treatments are being tested in clinical trials including targeted therapy and immunotherapy drugs. Speaking with a cancer expert will allow you to find the best treatment option for you.
Early detection is one of the most powerful weapons in the fight against cancer. When it comes to world-class cancer care close to home, look no further than Karmanos.
Information includes choroid plexus papilloma, causes, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment.